孩子爱拆东西是源于探索

18.10.2006 - 05:00
Etc/GMT-4

刚给孩子买了个电动小汽车,可没两天却发现已经被孩子拆成一堆零件了。洋娃娃本来穿着漂亮的裙子,宝宝却把她的裙子给脱了,胳膊也扭了。甚至你会看见孩子把镜子打破了,却努力地用胶水粘,想“破镜重圆”……

  

  面对孩子的“破坏”你会怎样呢?生气、呵斥孩子再也不许拆东西,还是帮孩子一起完成他的“杰作”?上海黄浦区教师进修学院幼教教研员,著名的幼教专家汪秀丽提醒家长,千万不要粗暴地干涉孩子的探索欲。这样的“破坏性”其实是值得鼓励的。汪老师说,把自己感兴趣的东西拆开,是孩子学习探索的一种表现,他们不是故意去破坏一个东西,而是因为他对这个东西感兴趣,想看看究竟是怎么回事。比如很多男孩喜欢把玩具拆开,去看车子里面到底是什么,车子为什么会动等,他是沉浸在了自己喜欢的事物里面,并努力通过自己的双手去寻找答案。

  

  汪老师认为,对于孩子这样的“破坏”,家长首先要对孩子有宽容的心态,因为破坏的过程就是个学习的过程。不要严厉地批评孩子,也千万不要说“不许再把玩具拆了,不然下次就不给你买了”等这样警告和威胁的话。因为家长的批评和威胁很可能会扼杀孩子可贵的探索精神。

  

  其次,家长应该尽可能地鼓励并且参与进来,因为孩子“破坏”的过程,是一个手、眼都在活动的过程,能够促进他们思维的发展。鼓励孩子适当地“破坏”,就是在鼓励孩子的创造力,以及对更多事物的探索兴趣。所以,当家长看见孩子把机器人拆了,应该蹲下来参与到孩子的活动中,“机器人里面是什么啊,怎么会动的啦?”……引导、帮助他们一起寻找结果,然后再跟孩子一起把拆开的玩具恢复原样。这样才能让孩子在“破坏”———探究———重建中获得心理的满足。

  

  汪老师说,家长们在鼓励孩子“破坏”的行为之余,还要有意识地创造条件,引导孩子思考。在日常生活中,家长要多提些问题让他们去猜、去想,比如,闹钟滴滴答答地走,家长可以问,闹钟为什么会响,为什么会走呢?皮球为什么一拍就跳很高,如果把气放了,还能跳那么高吗?要在问题提出后,主动带领他们从“破坏”中寻找答案。

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Michael Bouldin is a consultant to the NY DSCC on web strategy and netroots stuff. Rock Hackshaw consults with Congressman Ed Towns' re-election campaign. Liza Sabater has recently done work on Norman Siegel's campaign for Public Advocate. Mole333 is a member of the board of IND and a member of the Brooklyn Democratic Committee.

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